In contrast, the previous 35 years of study, starting from the elucidation of an essential role of chromium(III) in mammals, had resulted in numerous studies of the physiology of chromium deficiency and the effects of chromium supplementation, but little on the structure, function and mode of action of the biologically active form of chromium (1, ,2). The last fiveyears have seen a flurry of activity in the elucidation of a potential role for trivalent chromium in mammalian carbohydrate and lipid metabolism at a molecular level. Release of chromium from chromium picolinate for use in cells requires reduction of the chromic center, a process that can lead potentially to the production of harmful hydroxyl radicals.Ĭhromium, chromodulin, low-molecular-weight chromium-binding substance, insulin receptor, transferrin Chromium from the popular dietary supplement chromium picolinate enters cells via a different mechanism. The molecular agent responsible for transporting chromium from mobile pools to insulin-sensitive cells is probably the metal transport protein transferrin. Thus, chromodulin appears to play a role in an autoamplification mechanism in insulin signaling. ![]() The oligopeptide chromodulin binds chromic ions in response to an insulin-mediated chromic ion flux, and the metal-saturated oligopeptide can bind to an insulin-stimulated insulin receptor, activating the receptor's tyrosine kinase activity. However, recent studies have shed light on a potential role of chromium in maintaining proper carbohydrate and lipid metabolism at a molecular level. ![]() Chromium has been known to be a micronutrient for mammals for four decades, but progress in elucidating the role of chromium has proceeded slowly.
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